Epidemiologic study of traffic crash mortality among motorcycle users in Iran (2011-2017) / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Motorcycle accident is a major cause of road traffic injuries and the motorcyclists are considered as vulnerable road users. The present study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of fatal motorcycle crashes in Iran.@*METHODS@#In this cross-sectional study, a total of 28,356 motorcycle traffic fatalities registered in the Legal Medicine Organization of Iran were analyzed during the period between March 2011 and March 2017. The examined variables included demographic characteristics, helmet use, crash mechanisms, crash location, position state, type of counterpart vehicle, cause of death and place of death. In the study, road traffic mortalities involving drivers and/or passenger of motorcycles were included. Cases or events registered without these conditions were excluded from the study. To analyse the data, SPSS statistics 25 and GraphPad Prism 8 softwares were used.@*RESULTS@#Of the 122,682 fatal traffic injury cases, 28,356 (23.1%) were motorcycle users, of whom 95.3% were male and 4.7% were female. Most of the motorcycle fatalities belonged to the age group of 18-24 years (29.1%). Head trauma was the major cause of death (59.0%). Also, the overall proportion of safety helmet use among motorcycle crash victims was estimated at 37.4%. Most of the road traffic crash cases (46.8%) happened out of city and half of people (49.9%) died in hospital. About 77.4% of the victims were motorcycle riders and 21.1% were pillion passengers. The highest rate of mortality belonged to the self-employed (38.4%) and then workers (21.8%) and students (10.2%). In addition, most fatalities occurred in people with low education (77.5%) and the least occurred in university graduates (5.5%). Among 31 provinces of Iran, Fars had the highest (9.3%) occurrence rate and Kohgiluyeh and Buyer-Ahmad had the lowest (0.5%). Most of the crash mechanisms were due to motorcycle-vehicle crashes (80.2%), followed by rollover (9.8%).@*CONCLUSION@#Comprehensive public education and special rules are needed to reduce the rate of deaths in motorcycle crashes.

[ study of emotional intelligence and coping styles and the evaluation of their interactive relationship in case of cancerous patients]

Background and Objectives: There are few regional researches which have been done about psychological dimensions of cancer especially in Iran. The aim of the current study was to investigate emotional intelligence and coping style and the evaluating of relationship in patients were diagnosed with cancer

Material and Methods: In this co- relational descriptive study, four hundred patients in Imam Hossein hospital and Clinic of Dr. Payam Azadeh in Tehran were considered for the present study. The patients answered to the Emotional Intelligence questionnaire [Schutte], coping with stressful condition questionnaire [ciss]

Results: There was no significant relationship between task-oriented in two groups of women [patients and healthy subjects]. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and its components and problem-oriented coping style. In addition, there was a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and its subscales and avoidance-oriented coping style

Conclusion: Having psychological interventions in the field of emotional intelligence patient diagnosed with cancer can be a big help for patients diagnosed with cancer inorder to improve their mental status, increase their resistance capacity, and also to accelerate the process of their medical treatment

association between completed suicides and season of the year in an Iranian population

The main objective of the present study was to determine the association between completed suicides and season of the year in Iran during 2006-2010. Data on completed suicides were collected by questionnaires field out by the family members of the victims in Legal Medicine Centers throughout the country over the period from 2006 to 2010. The maximum number of completed suicides [380] was observed in August, while the minimum number [231] was reported in February. Season-wise, completed suicides were most prevalent in summer [1040], whereas least prevalent in winter [726]. Mean [SD] age of individuals having committed suicide was 31.5 [14.6] years. This value did not change significantly in different seasons [P=0.051]; nor, was a statistically significant difference observed in the educational level and the reason for suicide across different seasons of the year. Self-immolation and toxic poisoning were found to be significantly less common in autumn and winter [P<0.05], respectively. The number of completed suicides was higher in warm seasons. Season of the year had significant relationships with gender as well the method of suicide, while no significant association was observed for age, level of education, and reason for suicide

Effect of digital noise reduction on the accuracy of endodontic file length determination

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the measurement accuracy of endodontic file length on periapical digital radiography after application of noise reduction digital enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five human single-rooted permanent teeth with canals measuring 20-24 mm in length were selected. ISO #08 endodontic files were placed in the root canals of the teeth. The file lengths were measured with a digital caliper as the standard value. Standard periapical digital images were obtained using the Digora digital radiographic system and a dental X-ray unit. In order to produce the enhanced images, the noise reduction option was applied. Two blinded radiologists measured the file lengths on the original and enhanced images. The measurements were compared by repeated measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: Both the original and enhanced digital images provided significantly longer measurements compared with the standard value (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Noise reduction digital enhancement did not influence the measurement accuracy of the length of the thin endodontic files on the digital periapical radiographs despite the fact that noise reduction could result in the elimination of fine details of the images.

[Comparison of microleakage of MTA plugs prepared with normal saline and egg white]

Different techniques are used to treat open apices, including MTA plugs. Regarding MTA's long setting time, which results in greater microleakage during the first hours after its placement and its difficult handling properties, the aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage of MTA plugs mixed with normal saline and egg white. Seventy extracted human single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 30 and two positive and negative control groups of 5. In group 1, an MTA plug mixed with normal saline was placed in each canal. In group 2, albumin was mixed with MTA. In the positive control group, a #80 gutta-percha was placed inversely in each canal. In the negative control group, the canal was obturated with MTA and the access cavity was filled with sticky wax. Root surfaces, except for the apical 2 mm, were covered with 2 layers of nail varnish. All the teeth were placed in the bacterial leakage evaluation system and were sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. Then they were transferred to anti-serum vials containing BHI solution. A fresh solution of Enterococcus faecails was injected into the system every 3 days. The samples were evaluated daily for 90 days for turbidity was. Data was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis [? = 0.05]. Turbidity rates in groups 1 and 2 were 76.7% and 60%, respectively, with average turbidity times of 27.06 and 42.13 days. No significant differences were noted between the two groups [p value = 0.151]. There were no significant differences in microleakage between MTA plugs mixed with albumin and normal saline. The first combination can be used to improve the setting time and handling properties of MTA